echoes an article posted on an asa press release arXiv And who is the sea serpent of astrophysics and cosmology For about 50 years. With the many oscillations of the pendulum the question continues to be debated as to their relevance to solving thorny problems that are of nature. dark matter and the origin of supermassive black hole, It is also hoped that they can be used to demonstrate the existence of Hawking radiation. of course they are black holes Primitive.

Let us go back to the explanations given about them several times in Futura articles. These objects are also known as mini black holes and they are no less than Stephen Hawking who took care of it 1971 based on Works published in 1966 Through Yakov Zeldovich and Igor Novikov, two great leaders of Russian astrophysics and relativistic cosmology.

big bang fossil black hole

Everything in logic relating to these still theoretical objects is based on a very simple observation. In terms of the type of relativistic cosmological model big Bang, the “initial” density ofuniverse It had to be too big to be seen. if we have to believe the equation trying to describestate of matter and area of Gravity close to the early cosmological singularity general relativity Classically, the universe was then very turbulent with chaotic fluctuations of its metric and its density, as shown by the work of Charles Misner (known as the model). Mixmaster Universe), as well as Belinsky’s, khalatnikov and Lifchitz. Recently, in addition, work on gravitational waves produced at that time indicating that the word unrest Can be used literally in its hydrodynamic sense.

Under these hellish conditions, if the density fluctuates such that a given mass passes under it Ryan D Schwarzschild falling by itself gravity, had to be the result of a black hole.

The problem is that we don’t know very well how many could have become or from whom. publicbut a big spectre possible, depending on the model and physique Used to describe this very primitive phase of the observable universe. Theoretically they can have a mass as low as plank (M_P=10^-5 g), but beyond that, for example 1,000 to 10⁵ solar masses, which can therefore serve in the latter case germs for the training of supermassive black hole,

When the existence of dark matter began to be seriously considered, it was explained quite naturally by bringing in these primordial black holes, which are therefore called mini-black holes, when their mass and size are much smaller than they are.collapsing From Stars, all the dark matter, or only a part, can be made.

Over the years, many observational constraints have been placed on the mass of primordial black holes, that is, on the abundance of these objects in a given mass interval. volume of the observable universe. In general, conclusions about the existence of these black holes were quite pessimistic and could account for a fraction of dark matter.

Speculation was revived with the discovery of gravitational waves Produced by Fusion black hole in binary system Unusually massive even if the masses involved are of the order of stars. to account for discrepancy, The astronomy suggested that these black holes are in fact primordial black holes, and their rapid detection would mean that they are still numerous to the point of accounting for dark matter.

Nico Capeluti (University of Miami), Gunther Hasinger (ESA’s Scientific Director) and Priyamvada Natarajan (Yale University) have revived the pendulum with their article recently accepted for publication. The Astrophysical Journal,

The researchers therefore propose a new model that, according to them, adapts to the constraints that have already excluded many gaps for the already existing black hole population and they believe have Not only have you killed two birds with one stone. Origin of supermassive black holes but also dark matter. They allow the accelerated formation of the first stars and many observational signatures to be tested, or at least predicted to constrain their scenario.

Primordial black holes created by phase transitions

It takes on the idea recently put forward by other researchers, which involves the formation of primordial black holes in four successive stages. The first black hole of planetary mass At the electroweak transition, when the W and Z bosons become massive thanks for the mechanism bread-englert-higgs, then a black hole of the order of Chandrasekhar mass when proton And this neutron Quarks are formed by the condensation of plasma Gluon (And a phase transition), then black holes of the order of 30 solar masses (such as those initially discovered with Contact and whose existence is poorly explained by collapsing stars) when lions always form kugma and finally black holes of the order of a million solar masses when electrons And this positron annihilate each other.

The large population of black holes thus formed should generate gravitational waves during the collision that elisa detector May be exposed in the 2030s. But perhaps the most interesting discovery relates to the first stars.

According to the researchers’ calculations, in their scenario, primordial black holes tend to cluster into a single star-like globular cluster and therefore form sort of mini halos of dark matter bathed in the mix ofhydrogen and d’helium,

These halos collapse and take away the distribution of gas In surrounding regions, their densities increase to the point of fission initiation and collapse into denser regions that will become protostars, processes that occur more rapidly than in classical models involving dark matter particles.

So in this scenario it was generally thought that the first stars would soon be born and since supermassive black holes would also collect matter, Telescope James Webb must see source infrared already important during the period that is called dark Ages And so watch for significant star formation earlier than expected.

radiation produced byrise together Matter on early supermassive black holes should also be detectable, not only in the infrared but also in the domain of X-ray,